Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are among the most common illnesses affecting people of all ages. Often referred to as the common cold, these infections typically affect your nose, throat and upper airways. Although usually mild, they can cause discomfort and disrupt your routine.

What is an upper respiratory infection?

An upper respiratory infection is a common illness that affects your nose, throat and sinuses. Often caused by viruses like rhinovirus, upper respiratory infections include colds, sinusitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis.

Most upper respiratory infections are mild, but symptoms like sneezing, coughing and sore throat can be uncomfortable and disrupt your day-to-day activities.

Upper respiratory infection causes & symptoms

Upper respiratory infections are most commonly caused by viruses; however, bacteria can also lead to a URI. Infection can come from airborne droplets when people cough or sneeze. Being in crowded places or in close contact with infected individuals can increase your likelihood of getting sick.

Upper respiratory infection symptoms can range from mild to severe. You might experience:

• Sneezing and coughing
• Sore throat or hoarseness
• Nasal congestion or runny nose
• Fatigue and low-grade fever

These symptoms can vary based on the type of infection and whether it’s viral or bacterial.

How long is an upper respiratory infection contagious?

Upper respiratory infections are extremely contagious and can be passed to another person in the first three to 10 days. That said, you may remain contagious for longer depending on the virus or bacteria involved.

Diagnosing & treating upper respiratory infections

You should see a doctor if symptoms last more than 10 days, worsen after initial improvement or include high fever or difficulty breathing.

Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and physical exams. In some cases, providers may recommend throat swabs or blood tests to rule out bacterial infections like strep throat.

Most Upper respiratory infections improve with at-home care and without prescription medications. Your doctor may recommend:

• Rest and hydration
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Decongestants or throat lozenges

Antibiotics are only effective for bacterial infections. Viral Upper respiratory infections do not respond to antibiotics.